Urology and Sexual Diseases Surgery

Urology and Sexual Diseases Surgery

Urology is the medical science that studies the female and male urinary tract and male reproductive organs. The diagnosis and treatment of all diseases related to organs such as kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, testicles, penis, scrotum and prostate gland fall under the specialty of urology clinics.

Diagnostic Methods in Urology

Laboratory Examinations

Blood and urine tests are frequently used for the diagnosis of urological diseases. As a result of these tests, changes in the blood and urine are revealed and the disease is understood. Accordingly, it is determined how the treatment process will be. The most frequently requested analyzes in urology; sperm analysis, search for tumor markers, bacteria and virus scans, search for various proteins and enzymes. In addition, samples from other parts of the body can be taken and examined for potential diseases that may arise due to urological diseases.

Ultrasound (Urinary USG, Doopler USG, Transrectal USG)

Ultrasound is one of the most used devices to examine and view organs inside the body, especially in the abdomen. The ultrasound device has no harm to the body. The most common usage area is pregnancy follow-up and detection of gynecological diseases. Apart from this, urology is one of the departments where ultrasound is used. Cranrectal USG (TRUS) is used to detect diseases such as cancer and benign prostate enlargement related to the prostate gland, Urinary USG is used to investigate all kinds of diseases related to the urinary system, and Doppler USG is used to examine the vessels in tumors and similar structures detected in these regions.

Uroflowmetry (Purying Test)

It is a diagnostic method that measures urine flow rate and duration, which is generally applied to patients who have difficulty in voiding urine. For application, it is necessary to be congested with urine, as in ultrasound. Afterwards, the bladder is completely emptied and at this time, urine measurement is made with the help of the device.

Computed Tomography (CT) / Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR)

Computed tomography (CT) is the process of combining X-ray images taken from multiple angles of soft tissues, vessels and bones. In the CT procedure, the patient lies motionless on the table, while the tomography device constantly moves around the patient and takes images from every angle. In order not to affect the clarity of the image, only the patient’s gown should be on the patient. Pregnant women and those with suspected pregnancy cannot undergo CT due to high radiation exposure.

Uses of computed tomography in urology; imaging of stones in the kidney, ureter and bladder, investigation of tumors related to the urinary system and male reproductive organs and traumas related to these organs.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MR) is a device that allows imaging of any part of the body using electromagnetic and radio waves. Since x-rays are not used in MR, it does not emit radiation. For this reason, there is no harm; It can be used in most patients, even pregnant women with the recommendation of a doctor. However, there should not be any metal objects on the patient during the procedure due to the high magnetic field. It can be preferred by urologists in the diagnosis and follow-up of all cancers related to the urinary system and male reproductive organs, especially prostate cancer and benign prostate enlargement.

Voiding cystourethrography (VSUG)

Voiding cystourethrography is a procedure performed by injecting contrast material into the bladder with the help of a catheter in order to view the bladder and urinary ducts during voiding. It is commonly used if there is a suspicion of urine leakage (vesicoureteral reflux). If vesicoureteral reflux is not treated and progresses, it can reach the kidneys. This can cause serious illness.

VSUG is an imaging technique that uses x-rays. There should be no metal objects on the patient’s clothing during the procedure so that it does not adversely affect the image.

urodynamics

Urodynamics is a method generally used to determine the causes of urinary incontinence. In this method, the bladder is filled with liquid with the help of a catheter and the contractions during evacuation are examined by computer. Except for urinary incontinence diseases; Urodynamics can be applied to diagnose complications that may occur after treatment in prostate diseases. The urodynamic test is also frequently used in patients with problems such as frequent urination and difficulty in urination.

PSA Test

The enzyme that regulates the consistency and fluidity of the semen in the prostate is called PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen). In healthy people, the PSA level is very low in the blood. However, any disease in the prostate changes the level of PSA in the blood. For this reason, the PSA test in the blood is very important in the diagnosis of prostate diseases. PSA testing can be done at any time of the day; Does not require hunger or satiety.

prostate biopsy

Prostate biopsy, detecting prostate cancer