Barıatrıc Surgery

What is Obesity Surgery?

Obesity surgery, also known as bariatric surgery, is a weight loss treatment designed for individuals suffering from clinical obesity and related health problems. It is typically recommended for patients who cannot lose sufficient weight through diet and exercise alone. Depending on the method used, bariatric surgery either reduces the patient’s eating capacity or decreases the absorption of food in the stomach and intestines. In some techniques, both effects are combined.

While obesity surgery is highly effective for significant weight loss, it may come with certain side effects. Therefore, doctors usually recommend a structured diet and exercise plan before considering surgical options. For patients who do not respond to non-surgical methods, bariatric surgery can be a life-changing solution. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle after the procedure helps patients sustain their ideal weight long-term.

Which Diseases Does Bariatric Surgery Treat?

Obesity is a complex medical condition characterized by excessive body fat. While often perceived as a cosmetic concern, it is a serious health issue that can lead to several chronic diseases. Bariatric surgery addresses not only obesity but also associated conditions such as:

• Type 2 diabetes
• Heart disease
• Sleep apnea and other sleep disorders
• High blood pressure
• Metabolic syndrome

What are the Main Obesity Surgery Methods?

There are several types of bariatric surgery, each designed to support significant and sustained weight loss by altering the digestive system. The most common methods include:

1. Gastric Sleeve Surgery (Tube Stomach Surgery)

Also called sleeve gastrectomy, this method involves removing approximately 80% of the stomach. The remaining stomach is reshaped into a narrow, tube-like structure, significantly limiting food intake. It also reduces the production of the hunger hormone ghrelin, thereby decreasing appetite. Gastric sleeve surgery promotes substantial weight loss and typically requires a shorter hospital stay compared to other procedures.

2. Gastric Bypass

Gastric bypass is one of the most commonly performed bariatric procedures. It consists of two main steps: First, a small pouch is created by separating the upper part of the stomach. Then, the small intestine is divided, and the lower part is connected to the new stomach pouch. This limits food intake and reduces nutrient absorption by bypassing a portion of the digestive tract. As a result, patients feel full faster and absorb fewer calories.

3. Robotic Surgery

Robotic surgery is an advanced surgical method used in procedures like gastric bypass. Unlike traditional surgery, the surgeon operates a robotic system that enhances precision and control. Robotic arms perform the actual surgery based on the surgeon’s movements through a control console. This technique offers improved accuracy and reduced risk of complications.

4. Gastric Balloon

The gastric balloon procedure involves placing an inflatable balloon device inside the stomach to reduce its capacity. This helps patients feel full more quickly and eat smaller portions. While it is a non-surgical and temporary solution, the gastric balloon is less commonly used compared to other bariatric surgery methods.